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Lab 2 - Know the basis

In the second laboratory, we are going to see the essentials of Crossplane:

1. Managed resources

Managed Resources

A Managed Resource (MR) is Crossplane’s representation of a resource in an external system - most commonly a cloud provider. They are the building blocks of Crossplane.

For example, Bucket in the AWS Provider corresponds to an actual S3 Bucket in AWS. There is a one-to-one relationship and the changes on managed resources are reflected directly on the corresponding resource in the provider. You can see all available managed resources running this command kubectl get crds | grep aws | sort and the API specification in the documentation.

1.1 Simple MR

Now, we are going to create a S3 Bucket and test that is working.

  • Create the MR for the bucket.

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    cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: s3.aws.crossplane.io/v1beta1
kind: Bucket
metadata:
    name: my-bucket
spec:
    forProvider:
        # Bucket parameters
        acl: public-read-write
        locationConstraint: us-east-1
    providerConfigRef:
        name: default
EOF

  • Get the status of the MR in K8s:

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    kubectl get buckets.s3.aws.crossplane.io # or kubectl describe bucket -w

...
NAME        READY   SYNCED   AGE
my-bucket   True    True     2m22s

  • Check that the bucket has been created in LocalStack.

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    awslocal s3api list-buckets

...
{
    "Buckets": [
        {
            "Name": "my-bucket",
            "CreationDate": "2022-01-05T12:14:49.000Z"
        }
    ],
    "Owner": {
        "DisplayName": "webfile",
        "ID": "bcaf1ffd86f41161ca5fb16fd081034f"
    }
}

1.3 Complex MRs

For making things a little more interesting, it is time to create several MRs that have dependencies between them. This time we are going to create several MRs that are related: VPC -> Subnet -> Security Group -> EC2 Instance.

Tip

In order to solve dependencies among resources created by Crossplane, you should search into the API of the providers for the attributes that ends with Ref or Selector.

  • Create the VPC.

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    cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: ec2.aws.crossplane.io/v1beta1
kind: VPC
metadata:
  name: acw-vpc
spec:
  forProvider:
    region: us-east-1
    cidrBlock: 10.0.0.0/16
    enableDnsSupport: true
    enableDnsHostNames: true
    instanceTenancy: default
  providerConfigRef:
    name: default
EOF

  • Create a Subnet.

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    cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: ec2.aws.crossplane.io/v1beta1
kind: Subnet
metadata:
  name: acw-vpc-subnet1
spec:
  forProvider:
    region: us-east-1
    availabilityZone: us-east-1b
    cidrBlock: 10.0.1.0/24
    vpcIdRef:
      name: acw-vpc
    mapPublicIPOnLaunch: true
  providerConfigRef:
    name: default
EOF

  • Create a Security Group.

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    cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: ec2.aws.crossplane.io/v1beta1
kind: SecurityGroup
metadata:
  name: acw-instance-sg
spec:
  forProvider:
    region: us-east-1
    vpcIdRef:
      name: acw-vpc  
    groupName: acw-instance-sg
    description: ACW Security Group for an Instance
    egress:
      - fromPort: 443
        toPort: 443
        ipProtocol: tcp
        ipRanges:
          - cidrIp: 10.0.0.0/8
  providerConfigRef:
    name: default
EOF

  • Create a Ec2 Instance.

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    cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: ec2.aws.crossplane.io/v1alpha1
kind: Instance
metadata:
  name: acw-instance
spec:
  forProvider:
    region: us-east-1
    imageId: ami-0dc2d3e4c0f9ebd18
    securityGroupRefs:
      - name: acw-instance-sg
    subnetIdRef:
      name: acw-vpc-subnet1
  providerConfigRef:
    name: default
EOF

  • Get the status of the MRs in K8s:

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    kubectl get vpc

kubectl get subnet

kubectl get securitygroup

kubectl get instance

  • Check that the resources has been created in LocalStack.

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    awslocal ec2 describe-vpcs

awslocal ec2 describe-subnets

awslocal ec2 describe-security-groups

awslocal ec2 describe-instances

...
{
    "Reservations": [
        {
            "Groups": [],
            "Instances": [
                {
                    "AmiLaunchIndex": 0,
                    "ImageId": "ami-0dc2d3e4c0f9ebd18",
                    "InstanceId": "i-f731721dac1e3f8fa",
                    "InstanceType": "m1.small",
                    "KernelId": "None",
                    "KeyName": "None",
                    "LaunchTime": "2022-01-08T16:33:01.000Z",
                    "Monitoring": {
                        "State": "disabled"
                    },
                    "Placement": {
                        "AvailabilityZone": "us-east-1b",
                        "GroupName": "",
                        "Tenancy": "default"
                    },
                    "PrivateDnsName": "ip-10-0-1-4.ec2.internal",
                    "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.1.4",
                    "ProductCodes": [],
                    "PublicDnsName": "ec2-54-214-103-229.compute-1.amazonaws.com",
                    "PublicIpAddress": "54.214.103.229",
                    "State": {
                        "Code": 16,
                        "Name": "running"
                    },
                    "StateTransitionReason": "",
                    "SubnetId": "subnet-746ff808",
                    "VpcId": "vpc-55faade5",
                    "Architecture": "x86_64",
                    "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                        {
                            "DeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
                            "Ebs": {
                                "AttachTime": "2022-01-08T16:33:01.000Z",
                                "DeleteOnTermination": true,
                                "Status": "in-use",
                                "VolumeId": "vol-9f7d8500"
                            }
                        }
                    ],
                    "ClientToken": "ABCDE0000000000003",
                    "EbsOptimized": false,
                    "Hypervisor": "xen",
                    "NetworkInterfaces": [
                        {
                            "Association": {
                                "IpOwnerId": "000000000000",
                                "PublicIp": "54.214.103.229"
                            },
                            "Attachment": {
                                "AttachTime": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z",
                                "AttachmentId": "eni-attach-23ddc790",
                                "DeleteOnTermination": true,
                                "DeviceIndex": 0,
                                "Status": "attached"
                            },
                            "Description": "Primary network interface",
                            "Groups": [
                                {
                                    "GroupName": "acw-instance-sg",
                                    "GroupId": "sg-ffeeea4d068c6649a"
                                }
                            ],
                            "MacAddress": "1b:2b:3c:4d:5e:6f",
                            "NetworkInterfaceId": "eni-3c4ecfd4",
                            "OwnerId": "000000000000",
                            "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.1.4",
                            "PrivateIpAddresses": [
                                {
                                    "Association": {
                                        "IpOwnerId": "000000000000",
                                        "PublicIp": "54.214.103.229"
                                    },
                                    "Primary": true,
                                    "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.1.4"
                                }
                            ],
                            "SourceDestCheck": true,
                            "Status": "in-use",
                            "SubnetId": "subnet-746ff808",
                            "VpcId": "vpc-55faade5"
                        }
                    ],
                    "RootDeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
                    "RootDeviceType": "ebs",
                    "SecurityGroups": [
                        {
                            "GroupName": "acw-instance-sg",
                            "GroupId": "sg-ffeeea4d068c6649a"
                        }
                    ],
                    "SourceDestCheck": true,
                    "StateReason": {
                        "Code": "",
                        "Message": ""
                    },
                    "Tags": [
                        {
                            "Key": "crossplane-kind",
                            "Value": "instance.ec2.aws.crossplane.io"
                        },
                        {
                            "Key": "crossplane-name",
                            "Value": "acw-instance"
                        },
                        {
                            "Key": "crossplane-providerconfig",
                            "Value": "default"
                        }
                    ],
                    "VirtualizationType": "paravirtual"
                }
            ],
            "OwnerId": "000000000000",
            "ReservationId": "r-c137140b"
        }
    ]
}

1.2 Cleanup the MRs

Finally, we are going to delete the resources created before.

  • To cleanup, delete all the resources using the API of Kubernetes.

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    kubectl delete bucket my-bucket

kubectl delete instance acw-instance

kubectl delete securitygroup acw-instance-sg

kubectl delete subnet acw-vpc-subnet1

kubectl delete vpc acw-vpc

  • Check that the resources has been deleted in LocalStack except the instances that are in state Terminated:

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    awslocal s3api list-buckets

awslocal ec2 describe-vpcs

awslocal ec2 describe-subnets

awslocal ec2 describe-security-groups

awslocal ec2 describe-instances

...
{
    "Reservations": [
        {
            "Groups": [],
            "Instances": [
                {
                    "AmiLaunchIndex": 0,
                    "ImageId": "ami-0dc2d3e4c0f9ebd18",
                    "InstanceId": "i-f731721dac1e3f8fa",
                    "InstanceType": "m1.small",
                    "KernelId": "None",
                    "KeyName": "None",
                    "LaunchTime": "2022-01-08T16:33:01.000Z",
                    "Monitoring": {
                        "State": "disabled"
                    },
                    "Placement": {
                        "AvailabilityZone": "us-east-1b",
                        "GroupName": "",
                        "Tenancy": "default"
                    },
                    "PrivateDnsName": "ip-10-0-1-4.ec2.internal",
                    "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.1.4",
                    "ProductCodes": [],
                    "PublicDnsName": "None",
                    "State": {
                        "Code": 48,
                        "Name": "terminated"
                    },
                    "StateTransitionReason": "User initiated (2022-01-08 16:37:38 UTC)",
                    "SubnetId": "subnet-746ff808",
                    "VpcId": "vpc-55faade5",
                    "Architecture": "x86_64",
                    "BlockDeviceMappings": [],
                    "ClientToken": "ABCDE0000000000003",
                    "EbsOptimized": false,
                    "Hypervisor": "xen",
                    "NetworkInterfaces": [
                        {
                            "Attachment": {
                                "AttachTime": "2015-01-01T00:00:00Z",
                                "AttachmentId": "eni-attach-23ddc790",
                                "DeleteOnTermination": true,
                                "DeviceIndex": 0,
                                "Status": "attached"
                            },
                            "Description": "Primary network interface",
                            "Groups": [
                                {
                                    "GroupName": "acw-instance-sg",
                                    "GroupId": "sg-ffeeea4d068c6649a"
                                }
                            ],
                            "MacAddress": "1b:2b:3c:4d:5e:6f",
                            "NetworkInterfaceId": "eni-3c4ecfd4",
                            "OwnerId": "000000000000",
                            "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.1.4",
                            "PrivateIpAddresses": [
                                {
                                    "Primary": true,
                                    "PrivateIpAddress": "10.0.1.4"
                                }
                            ],
                            "SourceDestCheck": true,
                            "Status": "in-use",
                            "SubnetId": "subnet-746ff808",
                            "VpcId": "vpc-55faade5"
                        }
                    ],
                    "RootDeviceName": "/dev/sda1",
                    "RootDeviceType": "ebs",
                    "SecurityGroups": [
                        {
                            "GroupName": "acw-instance-sg",
                            "GroupId": "sg-ffeeea4d068c6649a"
                        }
                    ],
                    "SourceDestCheck": true,
                    "StateReason": {
                        "Code": "Client.UserInitiatedShutdown",
                        "Message": "Client.UserInitiatedShutdown: User initiated shutdown"
                    },
                    "Tags": [
                        {
                            "Key": "crossplane-kind",
                            "Value": "instance.ec2.aws.crossplane.io"
                        },
                        {
                            "Key": "crossplane-name",
                            "Value": "acw-instance"
                        },
                        {
                            "Key": "crossplane-providerconfig",
                            "Value": "default"
                        }
                    ],
                    "VirtualizationType": "paravirtual"
                }
            ],
            "OwnerId": "000000000000",
            "ReservationId": "r-c137140b"
        }
    ]
}

2. Compositions

Crossplane Composite Resources (XR) are opinionated Kubernetes Custom Resources that are composed of Managed Resources. We often call them XRs for short.

Crossplane Compostion

Composite Resources are designed to let you build your own platform with your own opinionated concepts and APIs without needing to write a Kubernetes controller from scratch. Instead, you define the schema of your XR and teach Crossplane which Managed Resources it should compose (i.e. create) when someone creates the XR you defined.

In our laboratory, we are going to provide to the users a Object storage resource abstracting them the actual implementation that is done our current cloud.

2.1 XD and Composition

First step, we have to create a composition for the Object Storage.

  • Create a CompositeResourceDefinition.

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    cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: apiextensions.crossplane.io/v1
kind: CompositeResourceDefinition
metadata:
    name: xdostorages.storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io
spec:
    group: storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io
    names:
        kind: XDObjectStorage
        plural: xdostorages
    claimNames:
        kind: ObjectStorage
        plural: ostorages
    versions:
        - name: v1alpha1
          served: true
          referenceable: true
          schema:
              openAPIV3Schema:
                  type: object
                  properties:
                      spec:
                          type: object
                          properties:
                              parameters:
                                  type: object
                                  properties:
                                      storageName:
                                          type: string
                                  required:
                                      - storageName
                          required:
                              - parameters
EOF

  • You can find a new CRD as part of the rest of CRDs.

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    kubectl get crds | grep xdostorages

...
xdostorages.storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io                2022-01-05T12:42:05Z

  • Create a Composition for that definition. It will use a buckets.s3.aws.crossplane.io MR of the AWS provider:

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    cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: apiextensions.crossplane.io/v1
kind: Composition
metadata:
    name: xdostorages.aws.storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io
    labels:
        serviceType: storage
        provider: aws
spec:
    compositeTypeRef:
        apiVersion: storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io/v1alpha1
        kind: XDObjectStorage
    resources:
        - name: s3bucket
          base:
              apiVersion: s3.aws.crossplane.io/v1beta1
              kind: Bucket
              spec:
                  forProvider:
                      acl: public-read-write
                      locationConstraint: us-east-1
                  providerConfigRef:
                      name: default
          patches:
              - fromFieldPath: "spec.parameters.storageName"
                toFieldPath: "metadata.name"
                transforms:
                    - type: string
                      string:
                          fmt: "%s-acw"
EOF

  • Finally, you can find a new composition.

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    kubectl get composition | grep xdostorages

...
xdostorages.aws.storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io   27s

2.2 Resource Claim

Second step, user will create a claim for the Object Storage composition.

  • Create a CompositeResourceDefinition for our Object Storage:

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    cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io/v1alpha1
kind: XDObjectStorage
metadata:
    name: some-bucket
    namespace: default
spec:
    compositionSelector:
        matchLabels:
            provider: aws
    parameters:
        storageName: some-bucket
EOF

  • Check that the xdostorages is created.

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    kubectl get xdostorages

...
NAME          READY   COMPOSITION                                       AGE
some-bucket   True    xdostorages.aws.storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io   89s

  • Check that the S3 bucket object is created.

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    kubectl get bucket

...
NAME              READY   SYNCED   AGE
some-bucket-acw   True    True     113s

  • Check that the S3 bucket has been created in LocalStack.

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    awslocal s3api list-buckets

...
{
    "Buckets": [
        {
            "Name": "some-bucket-acw",
            "CreationDate": "2022-01-05T15:36:06.000Z"
        }
    ],
    "Owner": {
        "DisplayName": "webfile",
        "ID": "bcaf1ffd86f41161ca5fb16fd081034f"
    }
}

2.3 Cleanup the Composition

Last step, delete all resources created.

  • Delete all the resources.

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    kubectl delete xdostorages some-bucket

kubectl delete composition xdostorages.aws.storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io

kubectl delete crds xdostorages.storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io

  • Check that the bucket has been created in LocalStack.

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    awslocal s3api list-buckets

...
{
    "Buckets": [],
    "Owner": {
        "DisplayName": "webfile",
        "ID": "bcaf1ffd86f41161ca5fb16fd081034f"
    }
}

3. Packages

Crossplane packages are opinionated OCI images that contain a stream of YAML that can be parsed by the Crossplane package manager. Crossplane packages come in two varieties: Providers and Configurations. They vary in the types of resources they may contain in their packages.

In the last part of the laboratory, we will cover Configurations.

3.1 Configuration Package

Firstly, we have to create the package with the required resources in you local machine.

  • Create a temporal directory for our package.

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    PACKAGE_DIR=$(mktemp -d) && cd $PACKAGE_DIR

  • Create a CompositeResourceDefinition file.

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    cat > definition.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: apiextensions.crossplane.io/v1
kind: CompositeResourceDefinition
metadata:
    name: xdostorages.storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io
spec:
    group: storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io
    names:
        kind: XDObjectStorage
        plural: xdostorages
    claimNames:
        kind: ObjectStorage
        plural: ostorages
    versions:
        - name: v1alpha1
          served: true
          referenceable: true
          schema:
              openAPIV3Schema:
                  type: object
                  properties:
                      spec:
                          type: object
                          properties:
                              parameters:
                                  type: object
                                  properties:
                                      storageName:
                                          type: string
                                  required:
                                      - storageName
                          required:
                              - parameters
EOF

  • Create a Composition file.

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    cat > composition.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: apiextensions.crossplane.io/v1
kind: Composition
metadata:
    name: xdostorages.aws.storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io
    labels:
        serviceType: storage
        provider: aws
spec:
    compositeTypeRef:
        apiVersion: storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io/v1alpha1
        kind: XDObjectStorage
    resources:
        - name: s3bucket
          base:
              apiVersion: s3.aws.crossplane.io/v1beta1
              kind: Bucket
              spec:
                  forProvider:
                      acl: public-read-write
                      locationConstraint: us-east-1
                  providerConfigRef:
                      name: default
          patches:
              - fromFieldPath: "spec.parameters.storageName"
                toFieldPath: "metadata.name"
                transforms:
                    - type: string
                      string:
                          fmt: "%s-acw"
EOF

  • Create a Configuration file.

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    cat > crossplane.yaml <<EOF
apiVersion: meta.pkg.crossplane.io/v1
kind: Configuration
metadata:
  name: acw-storage
  annotations:
    serviceType: storage
    provider: aws
spec:
  crossplane:
    version: ">=v1.0.0-0"
  dependsOn:
    - provider: crossplane/provider-aws
      version: ">=v0.20.0"
EOF

  • Build the package configuration.

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    kubectl crossplane build configuration --name acw-storage

  • Create a package configuration image.

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    IMAGE_ID=$(docker load -i acw-storage.xpkg | sed 's|Loaded image ID: ||')

docker tag $IMAGE_ID $LOCAL_IP:5432/acw/storage:v0.1.0

docker push $LOCAL_IP:5432/acw/storage:v0.1.0

  • Create the configuration in order to have XDObjectStorage available.

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    cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: pkg.crossplane.io/v1
kind: Configuration
metadata:
  name: acw-storage-configuration
spec:
  package: $LOCAL_IP:5432/acw/storage:v0.1.0
  packagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
  revisionActivationPolicy: Automatic
  revisionHistoryLimit: 1
EOF

  • Check the Configuration.

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    kubectl get configuration acw-storage-configuration

kubectl get crds | grep xdostorages

kubectl get composition | grep xdostorages

3.2 Resource Claim again

Secondly, user will create a claim for the Storage composition but this time loaded from a Configuration package.

  • Create a CompositeResourceDefinition for our Object Storage.

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    cat <<EOF | kubectl apply -f -
apiVersion: storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io/v1alpha1
kind: XDObjectStorage
metadata:
    name: some-bucket
    namespace: default
spec:
    compositionSelector:
        matchLabels:
            provider: aws
    parameters:
        storageName: some-bucket
EOF

  • Check that the xdostorages is created.

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    kubectl get xdostorages

...
NAME          READY   COMPOSITION                                       AGE
some-bucket   True    xdostorages.aws.storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io   89s

  • Check that the bucket object is created.

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    kubectl get bucket

...
NAME              READY   SYNCED   AGE
some-bucket-acw   True    True     113s

  • Check that the bucket has been created in LocalStack.

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    awslocal s3api list-buckets

...
{
    "Buckets": [
        {
            "Name": "some-bucket-acw",
            "CreationDate": "2022-01-06T08:05:16.000Z"
        }
    ],
    "Owner": {
        "DisplayName": "webfile",
        "ID": "bcaf1ffd86f41161ca5fb16fd081034f"
    }
}

3.3 Cleanup the Package

Finally, delete all resources created.

  • Delete all the resources:

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    kubectl delete xdostorages some-bucket

kubectl delete composition xdostorages.aws.storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io

kubectl delete crds xdostorages.storage.acw.alvsanand.github.io

kubectl delete configuration acw-storage-configuration

  • Check that the bucket has been created in LocalStack.

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    awslocal s3api list-buckets

...
{
    "Buckets": [],
    "Owner": {
        "DisplayName": "webfile",
        "ID": "bcaf1ffd86f41161ca5fb16fd081034f"
    }
}
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